The use of ships within a CCUS system: Regulation and liability

The transport of CO2 by ships for storage or utilisation is a component CCS/CCUS systems which has been considered based on existing ship designs and the assumption that internationally agreed standards are always applicable constrain can be used. This paper demonstrates that, developed to used within one two jurisdictions, novel irrespective international regulatory system. Significant discretion also exists system designs. Thus, consideration cost efficiency CCUS need not constrained In addition, established limitation liability regime, protects shipowners, charterers, managers, operators ships, provides an upper limit financial exposure losses during aspect well defined when pipelines other modes considered.